1. Definition
of Clause
A clause a group of related words is a group of words
that has verb and predicate. A clause can be used to develop sentences. Clause divided
into two, independent or main clause and dependent or subordinate clause.
1.1.Independent
Clause
Independent
or main clause is clause that can stand alone and make sense by itself. It does
not need to be joined to any other clauses, because it contains all the
information necessary to be a complete sentence.
Independent
clauses have three components:
a) They have
subject – they tell the reader what the sentence is about.
b) They have
an action or predicate – they tell the reader what the subject is doing.
c) They express
a complete thought – something happened or was said.
For example: I like to eat
scrambled egg for breakfast.
1.2.Dependent Clause
Dependent
or subordinate clause is clause that cannot stand alone, it depends on another
clause to make it a complete sentence. Dependent clause usually begins with
subordinating conjunction, a relative pronoun, or some other word that causes
it to become dependent. Dependent clause can come after, before, or in the
middle of independent clause. There are three types of dependent clauses:
relative, noun, and adverbial.
1.2.1. Relative Clause
A
relative clause is an adjective clause that describes the noun. It is not a
complete thought. They are used in sentences to further describe the noun. It can
be identified if it contains a subject and verb and begin with relative pronoun
(whom, whose, who, which, that) or relative adverb (when, where, why).
For
example: The key was already gone when
your mother came.
1.2.2. Noun Clause
A
noun clause is a short of dependent clause that functions as a noun in relation
to the main clause. They are typically offset with “that”, “which”, or “what”.
For
example: The letter which is written with
blue pen is yours.
1.2.3. Adverbial Clause
Adverbial
clause functions like an adverb, indicating time, place, condition, contrast,
concession, reason, purpose, or result. Typically, adverbial clause is set off
with a comma and a subordinating conjunction.
For
example: You’ll never know a thing, unless
you read my messages.
1.3.Another Types
of Clauses
1.3.1. Comparative
Clause
Comparative
clauses use adjective or adverbs such as “like” or “than” to draw a comparison.
They are also known as proportional clauses.
For
example: Brad plays pool better than me.
1.3.2. Complementary
Clause
A
complement clause functions like adjectives modifying a subject. They usually
begin with a subordinating conjunction and modify the subject-verb relation.
For
example: I never expected that you’ll be
a billionaire in Vegas.
1.3.3. Concessive
Clause
Concessive
clause is used to contrast or justify the main idea of the sentence. It is
typically set off by a subordinating conjunction.
For
example: Because I saw you freezing, I
turned off the air conditioner.
1.3.4. Conditional
Clause
Conditional
clause is easy to recognize because it usually begin with the word “if”. A type
of adjectival clause, conditional clause expresses a hypothesis or condition.
For
example: If I were you, I would not buy
that car.
1.3.5. Coordinate Clause
Coordinate
clause usually begin with the conjunction “and” or “but” and expresses
relativity or relationship with the subject of the main clause.
For
example: I love singing, but she prefers
dancing.
1.3.6. Reporting Clause
Reporting
clause is commonly known as attribution because
it identifies who is speaking or the source of what is being said. They always
follow the noun or noun clause.
For
example: “You’re act too much!,” shouted Ben.
1.3.7. Verbless Clause
This
kind of subordinate clause may not seem like one because it lacks a verb. Verbless
clause provide tangential information that informs but is not directly modifying
the main clause.
For
example: For your goodness, I will
keep this speech short.
1.3.8. Finite Clause
A
finite clause typically contains a verb in the present tense form. It can be a
main clause or a subordinate clause.
For example:
He broke her heart. (main clause)
She
said that he broke her heart. (subordinate clause)
1.3.9. Nonfinite
Clause
A
nonfinite clause does not contain any present or past tense verb. It usually
subordinate clause. There are three main types of nonfinite clause:
He
didn’t mean to break her heart. (to-infinitive clause)
He
remembers breaking her heart. (-ing participle clause)
They replaced
the glass broken by me. (-ed participle clause)
KIND OF SENTENCES
1. Simple
Sentence
a) Definition
Simple
sentence is a sentence which has one independent clause. Simple sentence has no
dependent clause.
b) Characteristic
-
It contains subject, verb, and predicate
-
It expresses a single complete thought that can stands
on its own
c) Examples
-
I can do it by my own.
-
Dad bought a new car yesterday.
-
Mom made me a bowl of chicken soup.
2. Compound
Sentence
a) Definition
Compound
sentence is a sentence which has two independent clauses.
b) Characteristic
-
Contains two simple sentences.
-
Contains coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
c) Examples
-
I tried to reach you so I called you many times
-
My brother has a new toys and my sister has a new dress
-
I love to drink coffee but he loves to drink tea
3. Complex Sentence
a) Definition
Complex
sentence is a sentence which made up of an independent clause and one or more
dependent clause.
b) Characteristic
-
Either lacks of subject or a verb or has both a subject
and a verb that does not express a complete thought.
-
Always has a subordinator (as, because, since, after,
although, when) or relatives pronouns (who, that, which).
c) Examples
-
I went to the office although I was sick.
-
After we had
breakfast in Depok, we went to Bandung.
-
She was crying when
she knows he stop calling.
4. Compound Complex
Sentence
a) Definition
Compound
complex sentence is a sentence which has at least two independent clauses and
at least one independent clause.
b) Examples
-
Although I feel
guilty for ignoring my father, I apologized to him the next day, and we hang out together on that day.
-
I tried to stop drinking coffee, but I need to be awake tonight, I drink it again.
REFERENCES:
http://www2.ivcc.edu/rambo/eng1001/sentences.htm
http://cls.ccu.edu.tw/pdf/course/w1-2_SentenceTypesAndFunctions.pdf
http://www.sjsu.edu/writingcenter/handouts/Sentence%20Types%20and%20Functions.pdf
http://www.lamission.edu/learningcenter/docs/asc/worksheets/grammar/sentence%20types.pdf
http://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/simple_sentence.htm
